【王聞文】再論朱陸之異甜心一包養網：基于一種“心學”的視角

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Review of Zhu Lu’s strangeness: Based on a perspective of “mind learning”

Author: Wang Gaowen

Source: Author authorized by Confucian network, original article “Neijiang Teachers’ and Fan Academy Newspaper” No. 1, 2022

Excerpted Important: As a representative figure in the Song and Ming dynasties, the academic circles mostly divided Zhu Xi and the Jiujingzi with the science and mind. They believed that Zhu Xi was a rationalist and Jiujingzi was a mentalist. From the perspective of this, they believed that the biggest difference between the two was “heart” and “reason”, that is, the former took reason as the key, and the latter took mind as the key. By examining the differences in Zhu Lu’s thinking, it can be seen that the two are not the differences between the principles and the differences between the mind and the differences between the two concepts. The biggest difference lies in the understanding of the differences between the “heart”. The “heart” of the Nine Purples is “the original conscience of heaven”. He believes that this heart is given by heaven, and emphasizes that all things are developed by the heart; while Zhu Xi’s “heart” is “not unity and dedicated”, that is, he believes that in addition to the original conscience of heaven, he also has an inner experience heart, that is, the heart has no internal and external nature. In short, the biggest difference between Zhu Xi and the Jiufeng lies in the “heart” rather than the “heart and reason”.

Keywords: Zhu Xi; the Nine Purple; the Heart and the Reason; the Study of Mind

Introduction

Zhu Xi and the Nine Purple are both the main representatives of the Song and Ming dynasties. Their thinking is in modern times or modern times, and the students have discussed it extensively. The academic world is based on Zhu Xi’s many words about reason, “Before there is a six-harmony, it is just a principle. With this principle, there will be this six-harmony; if there is no such principle, there will be no six-harmony, no one or anything, and nothing should be done! With reason, there will be aura and a style to develop thousands of things.”[[0]]114 Then he named it as a rationalist; and he used the nine-pure to talk about the mind, “The universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe. Before thousands of worlds, there were saints who came out, and they had the same mind and the same reason.”[[1]]273 then believed that he was a spiritual scholar. In addition, Zhu Xi and the Jiufengshu had discussed several times, such as the “Zhu Lake Club”, and the conflict between Zhu Xi and the Jiufengshu descendants of the Jiufengshu made this argument expand, so later generations used this as the reason for the opposition between the two, and used mind and principle as the two major thoughts of opposition. However, after studying the relevant texts of the two, we can see that the biggest difference between the two is not the difference between the “heart” and the “reason”, but the difference between the “heart”. This is mostly neglected by the scholars and has not made profound developments on this. Although some scholars have seen this, the explanation of this difference has not yet been revealed. Only the differences between mind, nature and atmosphere are expressed in the previous “respecting virtue” and “taoism”, and the differences between mind, nature and atmosphere do not seem to be unable to explain the specific location of the “heart” difference. In fact, they all talk about thoughts and reason, but the most basic thing is that one believes that as long as one is conscientious, the other believes that in addition to this, there is also the existence of experience. Only by learning the differences between the two from the perspective of “heart” can we better understand the thinking of the two and describe the misunderstandings of the Qing Dynasty.

1. The heart of the nine purities

The 9 Pulse of the Sun was defined as the founder of the “School School” of Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism for a long time. With this, Yang Ming was often regarded as inheriting the mind thinking of the Jiufeng and becoming a master of the mind learning. As a result, later generations often used “The King of the Sun” to name the two’s thinking system, but this seemingly unintentional claim is that they did not make correct distinctions in the thinking of the two. There is actually a big difference between the heart of the Nine Purple and the Nine Purple. In addition to paying attention to the heart, he also pays great attention to the truth, and the truth is objective in his mind.

Yun Jiufeng believed that his thoughts were inherited from Mencius. In his comments, he often quoted Mencius’s words and explained it. He also believed that Mencius was the great master of the evil-proof sayings in the past three generations. “As for the recent study of Yiluo, his study of Tao has become more profound, and his speech has become more detailed. The specialty of ambition and the enlightenment of practice have been unprecedented in the Han Tang Dynasty. ….. A gentleman’s heart, stops evil, speaks of evil, and lets go of lust, has never seen it as Mencius’s superiority to knowing words and inherits the Three Saints. “[2]13 By comparing Yiluo’s learning with pre-Qin Confucianism, he highlights the lack of Luo’s learning and the age of Mencius. He followed Mencius’s learning, that is, he emphasized the correctness of his learning. Moreover, the academic community often believes that his thinking, especially the thoughts that are concerned about learning, is to follow Mencius’s philosophical thinking: “By the two sons of Zhou and Cheng, they began to pursue the sects of Confucius and Yan, and there was a ‘no-no-super-no-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-super-s 21

This is Yang Ming’s decisiveness to the academic system of the Nine Purples of the Sun. In his opinion, the learning of the saints is the learning of the mind. “The learning of the saints is the learning of the mind. The teachings of the saints are the learning of the mind. The teachings of the saints, Shun and Yu said: ‘The heart is dangerous, the Tao heart is subtle, the essence is unique, and the middle is the source of the learning of the mind.” [3]320 Then he believed that the thinking of the Nine Purples of the Sun is also the main focus of regulating the mind, so he believed that the “simple” thinking of the Nine Purples of the Sun is to continue the learning of Mencius. From this, the Jiuqing Pearl was considered to be the representative of the “mind learning” in the Song and Ming dynasties, and all the discussions were about the mind.

Yangming’s argument may be real, but it is difficult to avoid thinking about being rude. However, the nearest of the Nine Purities of the Heart and Mencius’s Heart is definitely not lost. So what is the specific connotation of the heart of the Nine Purples? At this point, he and Meng 平台生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生生�beyond time and space. And he believed that “the heart is just a heart, a certain heart, the heart of my friend, and there is a holy treasure above and a thousand times, and the heart of a holy treasure below, and the heart is only like this. The heart is very large, and it can match my heart, and it is the same as the heaven. Learning is just about understanding this.”[2]444 It is said that this heart is not everything for one person, nor is it everyone has a unity and dedicated heart, but as long as this one heart is like one day and one month, and what people see is this sun and moon, not that there are countless sun and moons.