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Liu Xian’s reflection and waiting on the history of Confucianism
Author: European and Yang Ren (Administered by the Wuhan University of China Traditional Civilization Research and Development)
Source: “Chinese Civilization Forum” 2023 Baoqing Romance Issue 2
Abstract: Liu Xian’s “Metaphor”, “Spread”, “Synonyms” are an article that analyzes the development of Chinese Confucianism. This group of articles is a medicine that is based on the principle of the academic theme of Lao Tzu and Confucius, and is a comprehensive and unreturning academic discipline. Liu Xian integrated the old and Confucius, and developed and transformed Confucianism into a new realm of modern transformation. He waited for the Chinese Confucian history to return to Lao Tzu and Confucius’s Taochu way from the wrong path of either left or right, never going back, fighting endlessly, and not making any plans. Liu Xian adhered to the Chinese fantasy of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period and had a firm respect for the true and self-original Chinese civilization. Liu XianBaoqing.com comparison believes that there is the same in the differences, the differences in the sameness, the vastness and prosperity, the world is the bright future of Chinese Confucianism.
Liu Xian’s articles, “Metaphor”, “Synthetic”, “Shift”, and “Flowering” were written separately from the end of 1926 to the end of 1927. The entire time span was less than one year, and it was all compiled by Liu Xian in “Recommended Ten Books·Chinese Books”, closely followed the leading literature “Three Arts”, “Study”, “Broadcast Agreement”, “One Facts”, and “Agreement Discussion”, and listed in succession according to the subtitle, clearly showing that there is a special internal logic. After careful consideration, the author thought deeply that this group of articles was a way of Liu Xian’s analysis of the development of Chinese Confucian history, and was observing the positive and the source of the source. Based on the Ming Dynasty’s academic theme of knowledge, knowledge of people and the world, and building neutrality, he tried to save Chinese academics. A prescription that is prone to the extreme and never returns is corrected by the corruption of the struggle between modern literature and ancient literature, Han and Song dynasties, science and Qian and Jiaqing dynasties, and in the new era, we have returned to the Tao of Taichu initiated by Laozi and Confucius and Simeng.
1. Yang Sheng reigns and rebels, and loses the truth of Confucianism
Liu Xian detailed the various problems in the history of the development of Chinese Confucianism in his articles “Metaphor”, “Single”, “Synthetic”, and “Flowering”. He inherited his grandfather, Master Liu Zhitang, the scholar of Sichuan, “I use the way of a saint to determine a hundred schools of thought, and not use the way of a hundred schools of thought to capture the saints” [1], and pointed out that from Western Han to the late Qing Dynasty, Confucianism misinterpreted the thoughts of the saints and lost the truth of primitive Confucianism. He believed that the reason why Confucianism in China lost its true importance is thatWhat was promoted and marked by the rulers after Western Han Dynasty was not true Confucianism: Since Baocai.com, Confucian scholars have been doing so for thousands of years. If it is true, it is not true. In the treatment of medicine, it is necessary to multiply the two urgent aspects. The Yingjun used it, either Taoism or the Legalists. Hangao, Hanxuan, and Ming ancestors were all punished and named; Hanwen, Guangwu, and Song Taizu were all Huang Lao. Only Emperor Wu of Han and Emperor Taizong of Tang were fake Confucianism. Everyone praised Emperor Wu’s supreme Confucianism. As Taizong said by Confucians, he actually said too much but had little effect, and his most basic reason was that he was incompatible with Confucianism. The two of them implemented the system of inventing science. Those who do not destroy Confucius and Mencius are merely responsible for their academic achievements. However, those who reigned and rebelled, and those who had Confucianism and Taoism were not clear about it were also because of the facts. Two people are the chief crime of merit. The sciences were destroyed, and Confucius and Mencius were destroyed. This is nothing strange, it is the doubt that deceives others and accumulates for a long time. [2]
This passage of text is advanced from a political perspective, high above, and grasps the reality of the problem. Liu Xian believed that since the Han Dynasty, the so-called Confucianism in China was either harmed by Taoism or poisoned by Legalism. It was punished and the name of the club was also punished. Especially the Confucian scholars of Master Xu Dao, Emperor Wu of Yuan Dynasty and Emperor Taizong of Tang, were both fake Confucian scholars, and they were people who had different ideas. Liu Xianxian discussed the scientific and technological preparation here, which should be worthy of our attention, because the angle he described was very special. Liu Xian believed that the scientific system seemed to admire the teachings of Confucius and Mencius. Without the scientific system, Confucius and Mencius could not inherit the Confucianism. However, its essence was “Yang Sheng and Rebellion”. For the rulers, one is the one that is marked, and the one that is actually executed is the other. For the rulers, the establishment of science is to attract talents, strengthen the stability of political power, and control thinking, not really to develop Confucianism; a large number of scholars are so arrogant that they are to gain fame and fortune, and most of them are lost in the official battles. In the end, they have no morals. This leads to the fact that China’s “Confucianism and Taoism have never been understood” and is a “deception of others.” The reason why it is said to be “the art of deceiving others” is that the rulers and most modern Chinese readers have achieved tacit understanding on the problems of scientific regulation. On the one hand, they are the shackles of talent and energy. On the other hand, they are selling dog meat with sheep and confusing dog meat, and they use Confucianism to tease social people, obscure power, and gain fame and fortune. On the one hand, scientific construction has made great contributions to the inheritance of Confucianism. However, from the most basic perspective, it also had an extremely bad impact on the world, people’s hearts and the ethics of the modern Chinese society over the past thousands of years, and ultimately was a fatal blow to the development of Confucianism. Therefore, when the late Qing Dynasty science was completed, the way of Confucius and Mencius was 彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩� ”【3】On the one hand, it is to guess the prohibition, and on the other hand, it is also established as a doctor of Wushu to be an official, and to use both kindness and power, and to exert profit. The result can only lead to the distorted development of primitive Confucianism. The scientific management is just from Western HanBreak up the love fanThe extreme expression of Confucianism after the Confucianism was overwhelmed. So this is a kind of scattered learning of tunnels, which is what Liu Xian said in the quotation, “the art of deceiving others” should have ended long ago. As many hundred years before Liu Xian, Luxiangshan and Wang Yangming had similar views. Luxiangshan pointed out: “Qin did not destroy the Taoist veins, but it was too bad to reach Han. The fall of Qin was very clear, and the Han Dynasty seemed to be inconsistent, so the truth became worse. Emperor Hanwen was kind-hearted, but he failed to achieve the way to enter Shun, just like the country. ”【4】Wang Yangming also wrote: “Since the academic profession is prosperous, all scholars have been celebrating the writings of the books, and their utilitarianism is divided into confusion. Therefore, what teachers teach and what people learn from the students will no longer know that they have the meaning of being wise. ”【5】
The meaning of the mountain of the lunar Xiangshan is: “The reason why the Qin Dynasty did not destroy the ‘Tao Yi’ is because it was a hot fire that was in conflict with Confucianism and the hundreds of schools of thought, and the time was relatively short. ‘The whole country suffered from Qin for a long time’. All the people knew that it was clear whether it was knocking on the whole country or burning books or burying Confucianism. Its results were like bubbles and finally dispersed. The time was too short and the gray smoke was quickly blowing. It was a classic on the back, and the master understood it very well. Therefore, the persecution of Chinese society is not very deep. However, the Han Dynasty was different. It is a classical way to fight Confucianism against Confucianism. In other words, it seems to respect Confucianism in general, but in fact, it has taken a step further from the bottom of its bones to defeat the evil path of Confucianism. Emperor Hanwen was originally regarded as one of the twenty-four filial piety in modern China, TC:
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